Of the many causes of faction, there is one that James Madison called out in particular:
So strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual animosities, that where no substantial occasion presents itself, the most frivolous and fanciful distinctions have been sufficient to kindle their unfriendly passions, and excite their most violent conflicts. But the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property.
Emphasis mine.
I was reminded of that line by James MacGregor Burns’ Fire and Light.